1.
Discuss the incidence, causes and genetic aspects of cleft lips and palates (CL and CP).
Reference(s):
Stuppia L, Capogreco M, Marzo G, La Rovere D, et al. (2011). Genetics of syndromic and nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. J Craniofac Surg, 22(5): 1772-6.
Kohli S.S., Kohli, V.S>. (2012). A comprehensive review of the genetic basis of cleft lip and palate. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 16(1), 64-72.
2.
Review the normal embryologic development of the lip and palate. Describe the abnormal development leading to CL and CP.
3.
Discuss how you would counsel parents about risk of clefts in future pregnancies. Discuss both CL and CP. Discuss the different risks depending on how many family members are affected.
4.
Discuss the otolaryngologists role in the multidisciplinary cleft team.
5.
Discuss the different types of CL and CP. Review the different classification systems used in CL and CP.
6.
You are called to the NICU to counsel parents of a newborn with a unilateral CL and CP. What do you tell them about the timing of repair of each. Also, the baby is having problems with feeding. Any suggestions?
7.
Draw: 2 unilateral cleft lip repairs, 1 bilateral cleft lip repair and 2 cleft palate repairs. Don’t put names on them. Pass them out and have everyone label.
8.
Analyze the nasal deformity associated with CL. How do you fix it?
9.
Why do cleft kids have eustachian tube dysfunction? How do you manage their ear disease?
10.
What speech sounds to CL and CP kids have difficulty with? What is the treatment? Is it successful?
11.
Discuss the role of orthodontics in the management of CL and CP. What is an alveolar cleft and how do you treat it?
12.
Discuss treatment options for submucous cleft palate.
Reference(s):
Iorio, M. L., Cheerharan, M., Kaufman, S. S., Reece-Stremtan, S., & Boyajian, M. (2013). Acute liver failure following cleft palate repair: a case of therapeutic acetaminophen toxicity. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 50(6), 747–750.
13.
What is velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and how do you diagnosis it? Discuss the treatment options for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).
Reference(s):
Collins, J., Cheung, K., Farrokhyar, F., & Strumas, N. (2012). Pharyngeal flap versus sphincter pharyngoplasty for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency: a meta-analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS, 65(7), 864–868.
14.
When should you do a lip adhesion? What about alveolar molding appliances?
Reference(s):
Cho, B. C. (2006). Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate repair using lip adhesion combined with a passive intraoral alveolar molding appliance: surgical results and the effect on the maxillary alveolar .Arch. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 117(5), 1510–1529.
15.
Discuss sleep apnea in the cleft population.
Reference(s):
Muntz, H. R. (2012). Management of sleep apnea in the cleft population. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 20(6), 518–521.
16.
Discuss dysphonia in the cleft population.
Reference(s):
Robison, J. G., & Otteson, T. D. (2011). Prevalence of hoarseness in the cleft palate population. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 137(1), 74–77.