1.
Discuss the basic battery of physical exam tests for a patient with vertigo/dysequilibrium
2.
What are the mechanisms by which the body determines balance?
3.
Make clinical distinctions between central and peripheral nystagmus.
4.
Explain the origin of the fast and slow components of nystagmus.
5.
How are calorics performed? What is the physiology behind them? How do you interpret them?
6.
Tell us about electronystagmography (ENG) Give examples and how to interpret them. Make sure to include labeling conventions.
7.
Explain the VOR pathway–Don’t skimp on the anatomy. Explain how the orientation of the vestibular organs is relevant.
8.
What does a rotary chair measure? Explain phase, gain and what would cause abnormalities in these?
9.
You suspect BPPV in a dizzy patient. Discuss the work up of this disorder. What is a Dix-Hallpike and how do you perform one (include a step by step picture diagram)? For which canal is diagnostic? Should you order an audiogram? imaging?
10.
What does posturagraphy test for? What is its usefulness?
Reference(s):
Visser, J. E., Carpenter, M. G., van der Kooij, H., & Bloem, B. R. (2008). The clinical utility of posturography. Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 119(11), 2424–2436.
11.
Discuss the subjective visual horizontal test and its’ clinical utility.
Reference(s):
Karlberg, M, Aw, S.W., Halmagyi, M, et al. (2002). Vibration-Induced shift of the subjective visual horizontal: A sign of unilateral vestibular deficit. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 128(1), 21-27.
12.
What is a VEMP? What is its usefulness?
Reference(s):
Kantner, C, Gürkov, R. (2012). Characteristics and clinical applications of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Hear Res, 294(1-2), 55-63.
Brantberg, K. (2009). Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs): usefulness in clinical neurotology. Semin Neurol, 29(5), 541-7.